Cluj-Napoca is a city in northwestern Romania and the capital of Cluj County. It is located in the historical region of Transylvania. The city was the capital of the Dacian kingdom under the rule of Burebista. After the Roman conquest of Dacia, it became the capital of the province of Dacia Apulensis. During the Middle Ages, Cluj-Napoca was part of the Kingdom of Hungary. It was first mentioned in documents in 1213 as a Hungarian royal town. The city continued to prosper and grew in size and importance. It was the center of the region's cultural and economic life. The city was the site of two important synods, in 1285 and 1409. Cluj-Napoca was also the birthplace of the Hungarian revolutionary leader Lajos Kossuth. In 1848, it was the site of the first Hungarian government. After World War II, Cluj-Napoca became the capital of the Romanian province of Transylvania.

The city of Amsterdam was founded in the late 12th century as a small fishing village on the banks of the Amstel River. The city grew rapidly in the 14th century, largely due to its strategic location at the mouth of the river, which allowed it to become a center of trade and commerce. Amsterdam prospered as a center of trade and commerce in the 17th century, when it became a leading center of the Dutch Golden Age. The city continued to grow and prosper in the 19th century, and was granted city rights in 1876. Amsterdam experienced a period of decline in the early 20th century, but rebounded in the 1920s and 1930s, and emerged as one of the world's leading financial centers. The city was heavily damaged by bombing during World War II, but was rebuilt and expanded in the post-war period. Amsterdam is now a major tourist destination and one of the most prosperous cities in Europe.